世界汉语教学

把字句的使用条件,以往人们通过正面观察把字句实例,得出许多重要论断,但一直没有理想的测试条件。本文使用清朝末年唐文治著文白两种版本的《英轺日记》,观察相同语义条件、相同叙事环境下句式选用问题。先后讨论了王力的"语义处置说"、吕叔湘的"结构制约说"、沈家煊的"主观处置说"以及近年一些学者从作-通格语言句法变化角度提出的两种"句法操作说",逐一核验这些学说的解释力,并结合实例讨论了有关理论问题。

With regard to the conditions for the use of ba-construction, many important conclusions have already been drawn from the actual usage through positive observations. However, no ideal tests have been provided yet. Here the classical and vernacular Chinese versions of Ying Yao Riji(Dairy of An Envoy to Britain) written by Tang Wenzhi in the late Qing Dynasty are used to observe the choice of constructions under the same semantic conditions and the same narrative environments. The ‘semantic disposal theory' proposed by Wang Li, the ‘structural constraints theory' presented by Lü Shuxiang, the ‘subjective disposal theory' offered by Shen Jiaxuan and two types of ‘syntactic operation theory' suggested by some scholars from the perspective of syntactic change in ergative-absolutive languages in recent years are discussed and their explanatory power scrutinized one by one. The related theoretical issues are also explored with examples.